Turning point and preliminary survey pin



' Oct. 23, 1962 s. R. HAMMACK 3,059,732

TURNING POINT AND PRELIMINARY SURVEY PIN Filed March 17, 1961 INVENTOR.

6'5; 00 e. HMM4C16,

United States This invention relates to a novel turning point and preliminary survey pin.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a simple, efiicient, and durable device of this kind which provides, in a single unit, means for use in association with an elevation rod and a vertical range pole, for running turning points for elevation, and running preliminary surveys, to determine final location of a survey line, at one setting of the pin, or pins.

Another object of the invention is to provide a more rugged device of the character indicated above which has arms, for supporting an elevation rod and a range pole, which are located below the upper end of the pin, so that the arms are harmlessly out of reach of a hammer applied to the upper end of the pin for driving the same into the ground; and which has a removable hardened groundentering point on the lower end of the pin, which is readily replaceable when worn or broken, so that replacement of the entire device is unnecessary due to such causes.

Other important objects and advantageous features of the invention will be apparent from the following descrip tion and the accompanying drawings, wherein, for purposes of illustration only, a specific form of the invention is set forth in detail.

In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 is a schematic perspective view, showing a device of the invention set in the ground, with an elevation rod and a range pole severally supported thereon;

FIGURE 2 is an enlarged side elevation of the device per se, portions thereof being broken away and in section; and

FIGURE 3 is a top plan view of FIGURE 2.

Referring in detail to the drawings, wherein like numerals designate like parts throughout the several views, the illustrated device, generally designated 10, comprises a preferably round and solid pin element 12, having a flat upper end 14, and a substantially flat lower end 16 in which is provided an axial threaded socket 18 to removably receive a threaded axial stud 20 fixed on the upper end of a removable, inverted conical ground entering point 22, which is preferably of hardened steel, and can be readily replaced when desirable. The point 22 has therethrough a transverse bore 24 to accept a turning implement, used for tightening and loosening the point relative to the pin element 12.

Extending normally and diametrically through the upper part of the pin element 12, at a point near to and spaced downwardly from the upper end 14, is a bore 26 through which is engaged a horizontal, preferably round cross bar 28, which is fixed in place, as by weldings 30, 30 with its ends equally spaced from opposite sides of the pin element 12. Upstanding on the outer ends of the bar 28 are fixed arms 32 and 34, respectively, 'which are similar, except for an unindented fiat upper end 36 on the arm 32, and a flat upper end 38 on the arm 34 which is provided centrally with a tapered hole 40, for purposes hereinafter detailed. The arms 32 and 34 extend at right angles to the bar 28, and are parallel to and equally spaced from related sides of the pin element 12. Further, the upper ends of the arms 32 and 34 are spaced atent downwardly from the upper end 14 of the pin element 12, so as to be out of the normal sphere of action of a hammer (not shown) when applied to the upper end 14,

for driving the device into the ground.

The pin element 12 and the bar 28 and arms 32, 34 are preferably of iron, and preferred dimensions thereof, given here in a non-limiting sense, are one by six inches for the pin element 12, one-half inch for the bar 28 and arms 32, 34, and a setting of the bar 28 at a point about one inch below the upper end 14 of the pin element 12, with the arms 32 and 34 spaced about one inch from the sides of the pin element, the overall length of the device, including the point 22 being about eight inches.

As indicated in FIGURE 1, the device 10 is used by driving the pin element 12 into the ground G, to the desired depth, and in a level or perpendicular position. Thereupon, the lower end of a conventional elevation rod 42, and the pointed lower end 44 of a conventional range pole 46, are supportably engaged with the upper ends of the arms 32, 34, respectively, the range pole point 44 being seated in the tapered hole 40 in the upper end of the arm 34, so that the elevation rod 42 and the range pole 46 are perpendicular and parallel to each other, and a surveying crew can then readily run, at the same time, if desired, turning points for elevations, and preliminary survey.

In order to render the arms 32, 34 distinctly visible and readily distinguishable at a distance, they are given, in suitable manner, different colorations or surfacings, and the pin element 12 is given a still different coloration or surfacing.

Although there has been shown and described herein a preferred form of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not necessarily confined thereto, and that any change or changes in the structure of and in the relative arrangements of components thereof are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.

What is claimed is:

1. A surveyors pin for simultaneously running turning points for elevations and preliminary surveys, compris ing a vertically elongated pin element having a fiat upper end and a lower end, a ground-entering point in said lower end, a cross bar having portions reaching laterally outwardly from opposite sides of said pin element at a location near to and spaced downwardly from said upper end, first and second arms fixed on and rising severally from said cross bar portions, said arms being parallel spaced from related sides of the pin element and positioned with their axes in a diametrical plane of the pin element, said arms having flat upper ends spaced downwardly from the upper end of the pin element and located in the same level horizontal plane, the upper end of said first arm serving as a support for the lower end of a vertical elevation rod, and the upper end of said second arm having a centered hole therein for supportably receiving the pointed lower end of a vertical range pole.

2. A surveyors pin for simultaneously running turning points for elevations and preliminary surveys, comprising a vertically elongated pin element having a flat upper end and a lower end, a ground-entering point on said lower end, a cross bar having portions reaching laterally outwardly from opposite sides of said pin element at a location near to and spaced downwardly from said upper end, first and second arms fixed on and rising severally from said cross bar portions, said arms being parallel spaced from related sides of the pin element and positioned with their axes in a diametrical plane of the pin element, said arms having fiat upper ends spaced downwardly from the upper end of the pin element and located in the same level horizontal plane, the upper end of said first arm serving as a support for the lower end of a vertical elevation rod, and the upper end of said second arm having a centered hole therein for supportably receiving the pointed lower end of a vertical range pole, the lower end of the pin element having a threaded axial socket therein, and said ground-entering point comprising an inverted cone having a threaded axial stud on its upper end removably engaged in the socket.

3. A surveyors pin comprising a vertically elongated pin element having a ground-entering pin on its lower end and having a striking upper end, a cross bar extending through said pin element at a point near said upper end, upstanding arms on the outer ends of the cross bar and spaced from related sides of the pin element, said arms having flat upper ends.

4. A surveyors pin comprising a vertically elongated pin element having a ground-entering pin on its lower end and having a striking upper end, a cross bar extending through said pin element at a point near said upper end, upstanding arms on the outer ends of the cross bar and spaced from related sides of the pin element, said arms having fiat upper ends spaced downwardly from the upper end of the pin element.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,173,036 Robidoux Feb. 22, 1916 1,258,040 Peaslee Mar. 5, 1918 2,981,000 Long Apr. 25, 1961 

